Implementation and Applications of Ant Colony Algorithms
نویسنده
چکیده
Mémoire présenté en vue de l'obtention du grade de Licencié en Informatique Summary There are even increasing efforts in searching and developing algorithms that can find solutions to combinatorial optimization problems. In this way, the Ant Colony Optimization Metaheuristic takes inspiration from biology and proposes different versions of still more efficient algorithms. Like other methods , Ant Colony Optimization has been applied to the traditional Traveling Salesman Problem. The original contribution of this master thesis is to study the possibility of a modification of the basic algorithm of the Ant Colony Optimization family, Ant System, in its application to solve the Traveling Salesman Problem. In this version that we study, the probabilistic decision rule applied by each ant to determine his next destination city, is based on a modified pheromone matrix taking into account not only the last visited city, but also sequences of cities, part of previous already constructed solutions. This master thesis presents some contribution of biology to the development of new algorithms. It explains the problem of the Traveling Salesman Problem and gives the main existing algorithms used to solve it. Finally, it presents the Ant Colony Optimization Metaheuristic, applies it to the Travel-ing Salesman Problem and proposes a new adaptation of its basic algorithm, Ant System. Résumé De nombreux efforts sont effectués en recherche et développement d'algorithmes pouvant trouver des solutionsà desprobì emes d'optimisation combinatoire. Dans cette optique, la Métaheuristique des Colonies de Four-mis s'inspire de la biologie et propose différentes versions d'algorithmes tou-jours plus efficaces. Comme d'autres méthodes, l'Optimisation par Colonies de Fourmis a ´ eté appliquée au traditionelProbì eme du Voyageur de Commerce. La contribution originale de ce mémoire est d'´ etudier une modification de l'algorithme de base de la famille des algorithmes issus de l'Optimisation par Colonies de Fourmis, Ant System, dans son application auProbì eme du Voyageur de Commerce. Dans la version que nous tudions, la r` egle de décision probabiliste appliquée par chaque fourmis pour déterminer sa prochaine ville de destination, est basée sur une matrice de phéromones modifiée, qui tient compte non seulement de ladernì ere cité visitée, mais aussi de séquences de cités qui font partie de solutions construites antérieurement. i Ce mémoire présentera d'abord l'apport de certains concepts de la biologie au développement de nouveaux algorithmes. Il parlera ensuite duprobì eme du voyageur de commerce ainsi que des principaux algorithmes existants utilisés pour le résoudre. Finalement il développe …
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